In a Meeting Highlight, Richard Beckett et al. discuss top-ranked priority research questions resulting from the Probiotic Cities Working Group’s global interdisciplinary workshop, as well as their broader implications for microbiome science, urban health, and sustainable development. By focusing on these priorities, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners can foster a transformative agenda to integrate microbiomes into urban design, advancing resilient and equitable cities for the future.

Relevant SDG’s